As seen on the main page, American Winsor McCay was one of the
first animating artists. Most animation developed in the United
States also, as can be seen with such places as the Walt Disney
Company and Warner Brothers Studios. For the last couple of decades
in America, animation has been mostly for television but there were
those people that were trying to break out of that mode.
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Image
from The Illusion of Life: Disney
Animation, and proves that "attitudes can be
achieved in the simplest of shapes," as can be
seen with the half-filled flour sack. |
Disney Animation
Walt Disney Productions is no doubt the company that had the most
impact on the animation industry. It introduced the first full feature-length,
Snow White, which introduced objects moving at different
speeds to show distance and a sense of realism. Walt Disney Animation
managed to be the first to actually analyze the world for what it
is and animate it, such as how you know how animals feel based upon
their actions, not because they can talk to you, because, well,
they can't. While this can be remedied with personification, actions
speak louder than words, and sometimes one would try to add in realism
by making animals act the way they usually do. They analyzed how
Timing is extremely important along with the Squash and Stretch
effect. One example is the bouncing ball, where it was discovered
that a ball would have more weight if the illustrations were closer
together at the top and farther apart as the ball would hit the
bottom. In fact, Disney Animation tried to use every trick in the
book to make a character lively. Walt Disney wanted realism, and
a lot of it too. There were also times that those realistic images
didn't look lively enough, as they need to be exaggerated. people
questioned Walt's judgment, because he wanted realism. The workers
then realized that when Walt meant realism, he meant he wanted the
audience to be able to relate to the character, make the expressions
look like the audience would immediately know how the character
was feeling, instead of plain expressions that humans were already
capable of making. There are also those who would argue that Disney
insulted the literary texts that were "Disneyficated",
as critics argued that it betrayed the spirit of the original. As
true as the statement is, still the Disney formula worked with the
mass audience and gained huge amounts of popularity among the public.
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Bugs
Bunny, Elemer Fudd, Daffy Duck, Wile E. Coyote, and Road
Runner in an image illustrated by Chuck Jones. |
Warner Brothers Animation
Leon Schlesinger produced the Merrie Melodies, Looney
Tunes, Porky and Beans, Daffy Duck and Bugs
Bunny series, with artistic talents of Chuck Jones, Tex Avery,
Bob Clampett, and Abe Levitov. Chuck Jones especially was one of
the few Hollywood animators who is flexible enough to keep up with
changing styles and techniques. He also learned about timing and
action from Charlie Chaplin, who's studio was conveniently next
door. Warner Brothers just basically decided to take part in the
animation industry, basically. They didn't really introduce anything
new to animation.
Other Animated Cartoons
Around the 1930s, animation had become a real profession. This was
also known as The Golden Age of American Cartoons. Cartoons such
as Tom and Jerry, Betty Boop, Felix the Cat,
and countless others flourished during this time period. The 1940s
and '50s saw reactions against the Disney style. Artists such as
Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera, Tex Avery, Paul Terry, Walter Lantz,
and Chuck Jones continued to make animated features but with a more
comedic touch to it. Usually, the quality is lesser than those of
a full length animated movie.
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Cells of Snow White. |
Full Length Animated Features
This is where people try to make breakthroughs in animation. There
were those Disney movies that come out yearly along with those movies
other companies make, such as Titan AE or Land Before
Time (if you want to know my opinion, I feel these Land Before
Time sequels are an insult to the first one). This is where
the creators challenge Disney Productions on purpose, as the top
nineteen animators quit at one time because of the Disney motto
"Be creative, as long as you get the job done" felt oppresive,
so they went off to make animated features such as Fievel: An
American Tail. That occured a few years after Walt Disney's
death. There are also animated features done by Chuck Jones out
of Warner Brother Animation, such as Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch
Stole Christmas, which became one of the most memorable holiday
television specials. Another breakthrough in animation occured with
Song of the South, which in 1946 managed to mix real human
actions with animation.